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Enhancing the disaster resistance of membrane structures in different regions

Date: 2022-03-23 Author: 科琦气膜

  膜结构是一种张力结构体系,通过对膜表面施加预张力,使结构在给定的设计形状下获得刚度和承载力。因此,应从设计、施工和使用等方面采取相应措施,确保膜表面处于稳定的拉伸状态。

  1.在概念设计阶段构思膜结构工程方案时,应根据项目所在地的自然条件进行仔细分析。雨雪地区不宜采用曲面形状,曲面起伏较大,积雪不均。

  膜表面应具有较大的坡度,以便于排水。对于台风多发地区,不宜采用刚度差大或局部悬臂的形状。在设计曲面形状时,避免将膜结构的曲面弄平,否则不仅需要施加较大的预张力来形成所需的曲面,而且会使膜表面处于弯曲状态,膜材料的抗拉强度无法得到有效利用。曲面也应光滑连续,以避免拐点和尖角,否则这些区域的膜表面容易出现褶皱或应力集中,

  膜面不得直接放置在墙上。在台风多发地区,应选择高撕裂强度的膜材料进行设计。

  2.膜结构设计时,膜材料的强度应有足够的安全裕度,以保证膜表面张拉后能承受正常荷载。同时,接头结构应考虑由于材料蠕变、疏松连接、膜面积水和其它膜表面松弛而导致膜表面需要二次张紧的可能性。节点连接器应具有足够的强度和刚度,以防止故障。

  连接器的外缘应进行加工,使其光滑无棱角,以防止薄膜材料因局部翘曲而被划伤。对于有旋转要求的节点,结构应保证自由旋转。双层膜结构的内膜节点连接一般不防水。对于一些重要项目,也可以考虑进行适当的防水和排水处理,以避免雨水直接进入房间造成严重损失,以免损坏外墙。

  3.膜结构制作和安装时,确保膜表面处于设计要求的张力状态。切割和下料时,

  根据薄膜材料的型号和批次,考虑沿经纬方向的收缩,对有色差、划痕、断丝、跳纱、涂层剥落等局部缺陷的薄膜材料应及时清除。膜结构安装前,应对下部土建结构进行仔细检查和验收,

  复核相关几何尺寸和具体结构是否与原设计图纸一致。根据膜结构的具体形式,制定合理的安装施工方案。张力通过电缆和外围节点均匀施加在膜表面,

  使膜表面呈现设计形状。施力时,建议分批均匀拉伸,以防止薄膜表面应力超过材料的拉伸强度,或由于加载速率变化过大而导致薄膜材料撕裂。

  4.膜结构中的金属构件应采取有效的防锈措施。这对于沿海地区或潮湿环境中的金属部件尤为重要。钢构件应在喷砂除锈后涂上无机富锌漆和相应的面漆,或镀锌防腐。

  5.膜结构在使用过程中的维护也是膜结构正常运行的重要环节。由于膜材料的蠕变和节点的松动,膜表面可能会因预张力的损失而松弛,金属部件的外观可能会生锈,膜表面涂层可能会局部剥离。因此,使用过程中的维护也非常重要。一般工程完工后2年对膜表面进行第二次预张力,金属构件使用4~5年后也应进行面漆。

 


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